Introduction
The Kruskal-Wallis test or sometimes is also known by the name of the "one way ANOVA on ranks", is a non-parametric technique of testing that whether the samples are originated from the same distribution where they belong or not. The Kruskal-Wallis test is a one-way analysis of variance test which is proposed by two people Kruskal and Wallis in the year 1952. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test is a non-parametric test that can be applied for determining that if there presents any kind of statistically significant differences among the two or more groups of independent variables on the continuous or an ordinal dependent variable.
How to Use the Kruskal-Wallis Test in SPSS
The Kruskal-Wallis test, being an omnibus statistic test, tells that if the specific groups of the independent variable are statistically significant and different from each other or not. By using the Kruskal-Wallis Test in SPSS Help, the results are obtained to help in comparing the medians of the dependent variable against the various groups of the independent variable in the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. It is a rank-based nonparametric test for determining the presence of statistically significant differences among the two or more groups of independent variables on the continuous or an ordinal dependent variable. However, initiating this procedure, there is a need to understand all the various types of assumptions of the SPSS services which the raw data must cover for starting the Kruskal-Wallis H test to give the final valid result. As an example of the Kruskal-Wallis Test, it can be considered that this test is able to understand that whether the exam performances of students can be measured on a continuous scale of 0-100 or not depending on the differed anxiety levels of the test, where the “exam performance” is the dependent variable and the “test anxiety level” is the independent variable.
There are a few steps showing how to analyse the raw input data using the Kruskal-Wallis H test spss in SPSS statistical data analysis software. At last, at the end of all these steps, the process will show that how to interpret the results from your Kruskal-Wallis H test –
- Open the SPSS - go to Analyse option – go to the Non-parametric Tests option – go to the Legacy Dialogs option-click on the Independent Samples option.
- The "Tests for Several Independent Samples" dialogue box will open – check the “Kruskal-Wallis H” checkbox by selecting it. This will run theKruskal-Wallis H test on the transferred variables in the next step.
- Transfer the dependent variable in the “Test Variable List” box and the independent variable in the “Grouping Variable” box.
- Then click on the “Define range” button. It will open the "Several Independent Samples: Define Range" dialogue box.
- After that enter "1" in the “Minimum box” and "3" in the “Maximum box”. These values will represent the range of codes of the groups of the independent variable.
- Then click on the “Continue” button, this will return to the "Tests for several Independent Samples" dialogue box, with a fulfilled “Grouping Variable” box.
- After this, click on the “Options” button which will be present with the "Several Independent Sample Options" dialogue box.
- Next, select the “Descriptive” checkbox descriptives are required and/or the “Quartiles” checkbox if medians and quartiles are required.
- Then next is to click on the “Continue” button, it will bring back to the "Tests for Several Independent Samples" dialogue box.
- The last step is to click on the “OK” button which will generate the finalresults.
Conclusion
The Kruskal-Wallis Test is used in the SPSS software to understand that whether the results of the task performances when measured on a continuous scale of 0-100 on differed levels based on the test. It is a rank-based nonparametric test for determining the presence of statistically significant differences among the two or more groups of independent variables on the continuous or an ordinal dependent variable. The steps of the Kruskal-Wallis Test need to sort the data in groups/samples in the ascending order set in a combined set. The Kruskal Wallis test SPSS results are will report with an H statistic with the degrees of freedom and the value by P. The Kruskal-Wallis test in SPSS is an ANOVA inthe small sample sizes or in an ordinal outcome variable.